Introduction

When it comes to commercial and corporate aircraft, any mechanical issue can be a safety concern, especially when it involves a flat tire. This article discusses the implications of a flat tire on an airplane and what actions need to be taken to ensure flight safety.

The Criticality of Aircraft Tires

A broken or damaged wheel is treated as a 'no-go item' by aircraft certification engineers. Any wheel that does not meet the necessary standards cannot be used for the next flight. This is because the safety of an aircraft is paramount, and any malfunction can lead to severe consequences, including accidents and fatalities.

Experiences and Outcomes

During my work on corporate and commercial aircraft, I have faced instances where a wheel experienced significant damage, leading to safety concerns and the grounding of the aircraft. For instance, I encountered two incidents where the tailwheel broke, collapsing in one and detaching in the other during bumpy off-airport landings with a full load. In both cases, a takeoff was achieved by applying power and forward stick to lift the tail, and then maintaining it during the takeoff run. This method works only with a powerful engine or minimal load.

Takeoff and Landing Scenarios

When a tailwheel is broken, it is not advisable to attempt a conventional landing. Instead, a 'wheel landing' can be performed on the mainwheels, followed by balanced taxiing to the trailer diagonally. As long as the aircraft maintains a minimal speed, it can taxi indefinitely. However, in the event of a broken or missing tailwheel, this method must be followed to avoid losing control of the aircraft.

Emergency Takeoff with a Flat Tire

While it is possible for a plane to take off with a flat tire under certain conditions, it is not recommended. The heat generated during takeoff can ignite the tire, leading to fires and crash scenarios. This was evident in a crash in Saudi Arabia where the heat from the flat tire at takeoff caused a fire. Consequently, wheel wells are now equipped with temperature alerts. In another case, a DC-8 in Canada experienced frozen braking due to holding brakes, resulting in a takeoff with locked wheels that ended in a crash. These instances highlight the risks involved in attempting to take off with a flat tire.

Consequences of a Flat Tire at Takeoff

During the takeoff roll, a flat tire can cause severe vibrations, prompting the crew to abort the takeoff. If the takeoff continues, it can lead to two potential outcomes. The flat tire can create excessive drag, preventing the aircraft from accelerating properly, or the tire can disintegrate, with chunks or shreds thrown against the wing or into the engine. Such an incident was the cause of the Air France Concorde accident, where a blown tire caused a piece of rubber to be thrown into the wing, resulting in a shockwave that ruptured the fuel tank.

Conclusion

In summary, a flat tire represents a significant risk for any aircraft, and it should be avoided at all costs. Both takeoff and landing scenarios require careful consideration and adherence to safety protocols. Whether it is a wheel landing technique or ensuring proper tire health before takeoff, the safety of the aircraft and passengers is paramount.