Can an Electric Vehicle (EV) have the Same Powertrain Type as an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicle?

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming an increasingly popular choice among car enthusiasts and environmentally conscious consumers. While the core technologies of EVs and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles differ, some EVs use similar components found in ICE cars. This article explores whether EVs can adopt the same powertrain type as ICE vehicles and the advantages and disadvantages of doing so.

Front Wheel Drive (FWD) EVs with ICE Options

One common scenario is where some EVs use components resembling those found in front-wheel drive (FWD) ICE cars, specifically the differential and half-shafts. The differential in these EVs is often in a separate case and lacks torque converters, clutches, and multi-gears. However, the entire powertrain is designed to fit into the same FWD car framework. Manufacturers can also use an ICE engine with the same powertrain setup.

All-Wheel Drive (AWD) EVs vs. ICE Cars

All-wheel drive (AWD) EVs have a significant advantage over ICE cars, especially in complicated terrains. AWD EVs use two electric motors, differentials, and half-shafts similar to those in ICE cars. This setup works without the need for the middle shafts, transfer cases, or a third differential. Electronic motor control through ABS functions allows for superior performance over systems that rely solely on braking modulations.

Electric Conversions of ICE Cars

Converting an ICE car to an EV often involves using the clutch and gearbox, but this is not always necessary. In most cases, the torque is sufficiently high to start the car in second or third gear. The clutch is only needed if the driver wants to change the gear ratios for highway cruising. Some conversions eliminate the gearbox entirely by bypassing the gears, though this approach comes with its own advantages and disadvantages. The best EVs are those designed from the ground up to be electric.

Experiences with Electric Motor Conversions

The Brammo electric motorcycle is a cautionary tale. Pairing an electric motor with a conventional multi-speed gearbox resulted in excessive wear, making it impractical. This experience reinforces that electric motors do not mesh well with conventional manual or automatic gearboxes, as they are designed for the precise control and torque management of electric power.

EVs and Single Speed Powertrains

Unlike ICE vehicles, which typically require multiple gears for different driving conditions and speeds, EVs can operate in a “single speed” configuration. The core technology in EVs is more efficient at a constant speed, hence the lack of multiple gears, which is not a disadvantage. However, some EV manufacturers might choose to have multiple gears as a marketing strategy. While feasible, it would more likely serve as a gimmick rather than an actual improvement.

Whether EVs can mimic ICE powertrains is largely dependent on design choices, product goals, and practical considerations. The significant advantages offered by AWD EVs over ICE AWD systems, along with the inherent efficiency of single-speed powertrains in EVs, highlight the unique positions of these two vehicle types.

For more insights on electric vehicles and their evolving technologies, stay tuned for our latest updates and articles. Explore how the transition to EVs is revolutionizing the automotive industry and shaping the future of transportation.