Comparing Battery Sizes in Electric Vehicles vs. Regular Vehicles
When it comes to the battery sizes in electric vehicles (EVs) versus regular vehicles, the comparison is not as straightforward as one might think. Many misconceptions exist about the size and capacity of the batteries that power these vehicles. In this article, we will explore the details of the battery systems in both EVs and regular internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Let's dive in to clarify the common myths surrounding battery sizes.
The Main Battery in Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles have a main battery that provides the power required to propel the car. This main battery, typically measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), is a significant component in the vehicle's overall weight. For an EV, the main battery can easily weigh in at over 20% of the vehicle's total weight, which is why many people might consider it to be quite large.
A typical example is my Tesla, which comes with a battery of 75 kWh. This is significantly larger than a conventional 12-volt battery found in internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. A standard ICE vehicle with a 12-volt battery would have a capacity of less than 100 Ah, resulting in an energy storage of around 1.2 kWh. Hence, the main battery in an EV is often over sixty times larger than a conventional 12-volt battery.
Secondary 12-Volt Batteries in Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles also feature a smaller 12-volt battery, similar to the ones found in regular vehicles. This auxiliary battery is used to power various control systems and other electrical components, such as lights and infotainment. Unlike the main battery, which powers the motor, the 12-volt battery mainly powers the auxiliary systems and is charged from the main battery.
Interestingly, the 12-volt battery in an EV might be smaller than the one found in a conventional ICE vehicle. This is because an EV does not require the 12-volt battery to supply cranking power or start the engine. Therefore, it can be designed to be more compact and efficient.
Inside the Traction Battery
The main battery in an EV, commonly referred to as the traction battery, is composed of numerous small batteries that are intelligently assembled. These small batteries are designed to be cooled during charging and controlled efficiently during discharging. This technology allows for more efficient use of space and enhances the overall performance of the EV, providing longer driving ranges.
Tesla, for instance, is known for its advanced battery management systems. The company assembles thousands of small battery cells to form a single, high-capacity pack. This is one of the key factors that contribute to the impressive range of Tesla vehicles. The large number of small batteries allows for better control and cooling, which are essential for maintaining optimal performance and safety.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the size and capacity of batteries in electric vehicles are often significantly larger than those in regular vehicles. The main battery in an EV, which powers the vehicle, can weigh over 20% of the car's total weight and have a capacity measured in kilowatt-hours. On the other hand, the smaller 12-volt battery in an EV is usually more compact and efficient, as it does not need to supply cranking power or start the engine.
The advanced battery management systems in modern EVs allow for the safe and efficient operation of these vehicles, contributing to longer driving ranges and better overall performance. Understanding the differences in battery sizes and capabilities between EVs and regular vehicles can help clear up any misconceptions and provide a clearer picture of the technological advancements in the automotive industry.