How Tesla Model S Gains Range with Dual-Motor AWD While Traditional Gas Cars Often See Mileage Drops
The Tesla Model S stands out in the world of electric vehicles (EVs) with its impressive performance and efficiency, particularly when it comes to range. One of the key features behind this is its dual-motor all-wheel drive (AWD) setup, which significantly differs from traditional gas cars that often experience reduced fuel efficiency when equipped with AWD. This article explores the innovative techniques behind the Model S's range benefits and provides insights into why dual-motors can enhance efficiency even in the face of additional weight.
Tesla Model S's Dual-Motor AWD and 'Torque Sleep' Technique
One of the ways the Tesla Model S manages to gain range with its dual-motor AWD setup is through a technique known as 'torque sleep.' This approach optimizes the use of both the front and rear motors based on the driving conditions.
The Tesla Model S features a dual-motor system where the rear motor is as powerful as in the rear-wheel drive (RWD) Model S, and the front motor is smaller. When the car needs more power, such as accelerating or climbing an incline, both motors contribute. However, when cruising at high speeds, the smaller and more efficient front motor is the only one in operation, while the rear one 'sleeps' or remains inactive. This method greatly increases the range of the vehicle.
For instance, a 2017 Model S 75 sees its range increase from 249 miles to 259 miles, while its miles per gallon equivalent (MPGe) improves from 98 to 103. These improvements are significant and highlight the efficiencies gained through this dual-motor setup.
Efficiency of Dual-Motors in Electric Vehicles
One of the reasons the Model S can maintain or even increase its efficiency with more motors is due to its distinct, independent motor setup. Unlike gas cars, which must use a single engine and additional transmission and gear systems to power multiple wheels, electric cars can employ multiple motors more flexibly. Each motor can be independently controlled, allowing the Model S to operate at maximum efficiency with both motors.
Traditional gas cars face a double-edged sword: the additional weight and complexity of AWD systems often lead to a drop in fuel efficiency. However, the Model S's dual-motor setup can overcome these issues. The front and rear motors can be optimized independently to operate at their most efficient points, such as using the more powerful rear motor for intense acceleration and the smaller, more efficient front motor for high-speed cruising. This digital control allows the Model S to maintain its efficiency, even with the added weight of the second motor.
Comparison with Traditional Gas Cars
To understand the contrast between the Model S's dual-motor AWD and traditional gas cars, consider the 2018 Toyota RAV4 2.5 L. This vehicle offers 25 MPG whether it is equipped with AWD or not. In contrast, Tesla's dual-motor AWD system not only maintains its efficiency but often increases it. This highlights the significant advantage of the Model S's setup in the realm of electric vehicles.
Gas cars typically have a single engine and require extra gears and shafts to drive all their wheels. This complexity adds weight and reduces efficiency. However, EVs like the Model S can have multiple motors, each independently controlled to operate at their most efficient points, leading to enhanced performance and range.
Overall, the Tesla Model S dual-motor AWD system represents a superior approach to vehicle efficiency, offering an effective solution to the challenges traditionally faced by gas cars with AWD systems. This innovative setup continues to set Tesla apart in the electric vehicle market, showcasing the potential for electric vehicles to redefine driving efficiency.