Testing a Motorcycle Starter Solenoid: A Comprehensive Guide
Ensuring the reliable operation of a motorcycle's electrical system is crucial for a safe and smooth ride. One of the components that can often fail is the starter solenoid. This article will guide you through the process of testing your motorcycle's starter solenoid, ensuring you can diagnose and resolve any issues efficiently.
Understanding the Motorcycle Starter Solenoid
A motorcycle's starter solenoid is a key component in the ignition process. It amplifies the low voltage signal from the key switch to the high current drawn by the starter motor. The solenoid consists of two heavy threaded terminals and two small push-on blade connectors. When the key is turned, the solenoid receives electrical power and moves a plunger, which engages the starter motor.
Key Components and Their Functionality
The solenoid should be open-circuit until 12V is applied to the two small blades. When the correct voltage is applied, the solenoid should produce an audible clunk or click, and a short-circuit should appear on the threaded terminals. If no change is observed, use a multimeter to measure the resistance between the blades; there should be some ohms of resistance.
Testing the Starter Solenoid: A Step-by-Step Guide
Method 1: Using a Screwdriver
First, take a screwdriver and use it to connect or jump both electrical contacts. If your engine starts when you do this, it indicates that the solenoid is the problem.
Place the screwdriver flat across the two metal pieces on top of the solenoid. Be cautious as a spark might occur, so avoid touching any metal parts. It's best to wear a glove for safety.
Method 2: Measuring Voltage and Current
Check the voltage at the starter coil to see if it changes when you push the starter button. If the voltage remains constant, the solenoid might be the culprit. Conversely, if the voltage controlling the solenoid doesn't change, the issue lies elsewhere in the system.
Another method is to directly connect the solenoid to a 12-volt power source, like a car battery. If the solenoid operates correctly and moves the gear that engages the ring gear, it indicates that the solenoid is functioning properly.
However, if the starter still doesn't work and you can't pull the solenoid apart, you might need to buy a replacement solenoid as a whole unit.
Further Checks
To further diagnose the issue, check the following:
Confirm that the starter button sends a signal of 12 volts to the small wire on the solenoid. Use a multimeter or a 12-volt light soldered to a couple of wires to verify this when you push the button.
If there is power to the solenoid when pushing the button, the solenoid is likely faulty. Additionally, run a wire from the battery's positive post to the small terminal on the solenoid. If nothing happens, the solenoid is probably not working.
For an even more thorough check, run a heavy wire from the battery to the large terminal on the starter. If the engine cranks, the solenoid is suspect and may need to be replaced.
Conclusion
Testing your motorcycle's starter solenoid is a crucial part of basic motorcycle maintenance. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can accurately diagnose and address any issues with your starter solenoid, ensuring your motorcycle runs smoothly and reliably.