Understanding Turbos: Why They Can Last Long and Common Failures

Many car enthusiasts are familiar with turbocharged engines. Known for their power and efficiency, these engines can last a long time—especially when proper maintenance is performed. This article explores why turbocharged engines can be considered robust and how to ensure their longevity, as well as common issues that can lead to premature failure in these systems.

Why Turbocharged Engines Can Last a Long Time

Heavy trucks and commercial vehicles have been equipped with turbocharged engines for decades. These engines can last over a million miles before needing a rebuild. The key to their longevity lies in proper maintenance and driving habits. Let's delve into the specifics of how to maximize the lifespan of your turbocharged engine.

The Heat Factor: Why Cooling Down Is Critical

A major issue that can lead to turbocharger failure is improper shutdown procedures. When a turbocharged engine cools down, it can experience significant heat that needs to be managed properly. After a period of hard driving, such as a trip up a steep hill or towing heavy loads, the turbocharger can be extremely hot due to the intense stress it undergoes. The oil that lubricates the turbocharger is designed to function at these high temperatures and carry away excess heat. However, if the engine is shut off too quickly, the oil supply is cut off, leaving the turbocharger to spin at high speeds with the heat building up.

This rapid cooling can cause the oil to break down and leave abrasive particles in the bearings, leading to potential wear and tear. Therefore, it is crucial to allow the engine to cool down for a few minutes after hard driving. This allows the oil to continue to lubricate and cool the turbocharger, reducing the risk of damage.

Proper Maintenance Practices

Proper maintenance is the cornerstone of extending the life of a turbocharged engine. Here are some key practices to follow:

Regular Oil Changes: Make sure to change the oil and filter according to the manufacturer's recommendations. This ensures that the oil is clean and continues to lubricate the turbocharger effectively. Inspect for Leaks: Check for any oil or coolant leaks regularly. Leaks can lead to insufficient lubrication and overheating of the turbocharger. Monitor Water Temperature: Ensure that the engine's water temperature remains within a safe range. Excessive heat can stress the turbocharger and lead to premature failure. Use Quality Oil: Using high-quality oil with the correct viscosity can significantly improve the lifespan of your turbocharger.

Example of a Well-Maintained Turbocharged Engine

Consider the case of a 2003 Dodge Cummins pickup truck with 491000 miles on it. Although the engine was purchased used, it has been driven extensively and used for hauling heavy loads and towing a 32 feet 4th wheel camper. Despite such heavy use, the original turbocharger remains intact.

This truck was not treated as an ordinary non-turbo engine. The owner took care to allow the engine to cool down properly after each driving session. By following these best practices, the owner ensured that the turbocharger functioned optimally throughout the truck's extensive use.

Conclusion

While turbocharged engines can be prone to failure if not properly maintained, with the right care and attention, they can last for many years. Remember to allow your engine to cool down after hard driving, change your oil regularly, and inspect for leaks. By following these practices, you can ensure the longevity of your turbocharged engine and enjoy the performance benefits it provides.