Understanding the Difference Between Trickle Chargers and Battery Maintainers
When it comes to charging batteries, two commonly used devices are trickle chargers and battery maintainers. Both have their unique features and functions that distinguish them from one another. In this article, we will explore the differences between these two types of chargers and discuss which one might be more suitable for your needs.
Functionality and Control
Most trickle chargers that I have encountered are essentially simple circuits that provide a steady, small current to the battery. These chargers typically have a single set point, usually around 13.2 volts. Some cheaper trickle chargers might not even have active control circuitry, relying solely on the rectified transformer secondary output voltage. In contrast, battery maintainers are designed to have at least two set points: a higher one to bring the battery up to full charge and a lower one to maintain the battery's charge.
While trickle chargers provide a low, continuous charge current, battery maintainers can better manage the charging process. They can properly charge the battery with the necessary current, switch to trickle charging as needed, and switch off when the battery is fully charged. This is a significant difference, as marketing can sometimes lead to confusion, making it difficult to ensure that a battery maintainer will perform all these tasks.
Performance and Features
I have been using both types of chargers for an extended period, and based on my personal experience, I can say that battery maintainers are generally more effective. A battery maintainer maintains a continuous voltage, whereas a trickle charger stops charging once the battery reaches a certain voltage, typically around 13.8 ± 0.2 volts. The trickle charger will then start charging again only when the battery voltage drops below approximately 12.8 volts.
Both these charging methods have performed well for me, but I lean more towards using a battery maintainer. The primary reason for this preference is the built-in control system that helps manage the battery charge better. A battery maintainer ensures that the battery stays charged without overcharging, which can be crucial for long-term battery health.
Historical Context and Modern Approaches
Back in the 1990s, it was popular to provide trickle chargers for small battery appliances that used NiCad rechargeable batteries. These chargers would continuously provide a low charge current, which was beneficial if the appliance was used frequently. However, if the appliance wasn't used for weeks at a time, the continuous charging current could heat up the battery and cause damage. Essentially, the battery charger could act as a low-temperature slow cooker, potentially turning the battery into a dangerous pile of noxious chemicals in a short period.
Today, it is easier and cheaper to build a proper battery maintainer that operates as described by Don Sutton. However, it is essential to be wary of very cheap products. Sometimes you do get what you pay for, and investing in a higher-quality battery maintainer may save you from potential issues in the long run.
Whether you are a frequent user of battery-operated devices or someone who needs long-term battery maintenance, understanding the difference between a trickle charger and a battery maintainer can help you make an informed decision about which product will best suit your needs. By considering the features, functionality, and historical context of these devices, you can ensure that your batteries stay well-charged, safe, and functioning optimally.