Why Speed Limits Reflect Actual Driving Behaviors and the Debate Over Statutory Limits

Speed limits on our roads are not set arbitrarily. They have a scientific and practical basis that reflects actual driving behaviors and aims to ensure safety. In this article, we explore the reasons behind setting speed limits based on driving practices, the impact of adjusting them, and the debate surrounding statutory limits.

Native Speed vs. Legal Speeds

Contrary to popular belief, speed limits are not always artificially set to lower than the speeds people actually drive at. In fact, they often reflect the natural pace and driving behaviors of the average driver under current road conditions. This phenomenon can be traced back to Jimmy Carter's presidency when a nationwide speed limit of 55 mph was imposed due to a fuel shortage. Since then, speed limits have gradually been adjusted higher to better match actual driving speeds.

The speed at which people drive is often a result of human nature. It is natural for drivers to want to reach their destinations quickly while minimizing the risk of getting pulled over. This often leads to a situation where drivers exceed the posted speed limits, albeit marginally. While some might argue that going just a few miles per hour above the limit is 'safe,' the reality is that the faster a driver goes, the longer it takes to stop, and the greater the risk of being in a fatal accident.

Setting Speed Limits: The 85th Percentile Rule

One of the most effective methods for setting speed limits is the 85th percentile rule. This approach involves conducting a speed study to determine the speed at which 85% of drivers travel at or below. This percentile is considered the safe and reasonable speed for the majority of drivers to follow under safe road conditions. Many states, such as California, implement this method on non-freeway roads, resulting in more reasonable and practical speed limits.

However, this approach is not always adopted due to various reasons. Nevada, for example, is known for setting speed limits based on other factors, such as safety concerns raised by 'fun suckers.' This term refers to individuals who advocate for lower speed limits to prioritize 'safety' over convenience and enjoyment of driving. The debate over statutory speed limits often centers around balancing safety concerns with the practical needs of drivers and the overall flow of traffic.

Statutory Speed Limits: A Different Perspective

Statutory speed limits are maximum speeds set by legislative bodies, often for freeways and other major roads. Unlike the 85th percentile method, statutory limits do not always align with actual driving behaviors. These limits are sometimes set based on the political pressures and concerns raised by safety advocates rather than empirical data.

For example, California's experience with statutory limits on Interstate 80 highlights the tension between safety advocates and more practical approaches. The state has to listen to arguments from those who believe that higher speed limits will lead to increased accidents, even though empirical data suggests a different outcome. This dynamic has led to the formation of groups like the National Motorists Association, which challenges these practices and advocates for more realistic speed limits.

Conclusion

Speed limits are a critical component of road safety, but they must be set in a way that reflects actual driving behaviors and ensures the safety of all road users. While there may be valid reasons to set statutory limits at a lower speed, it is crucial to also consider the empirical evidence and the practical needs of drivers. By implementing more balanced and evidence-based approaches, we can create roads that are safer and more efficient for everyone.

To join the conversation and learn more about speed limits and driving behaviors, consider joining groups like the National Motorists Association. Your voice can make a difference in shaping the future of road safety and driving practices.